History of the French Army Rangers: from the Second World War to the Present Day

Summary

• From trench boots to the first airborne rangers
• The era of the BM65, the iconic ranger of the French army
• Technical characteristics and innovations of French rangers
• FELIN revolution and transition to modern footwear
• Manufacturing, deployments and legacy of the French Rangers
• Frequently Asked Questions

This article traces the history of French army boots, from World War II to the present day. It details the technical evolution of these iconic military footwear. You will discover how they went from simple trench boots to modern tactical gear.

From trench boots to the first airborne rangers

The true history of ranger boots begins long before their use by airborne troops. The 1917 model boot , often equipped with a studded sole , is their direct ancestor. Its high upper made of thick leather effectively protected soldiers on difficult terrain.

The 1917 model boot, precursor to the French rangers

After 1945, this model was primarily used by colonial troops to provide maximum protection. Its studded sole ensured excellent traction in any battle on rocky terrain. It was a true military innovation for all soldiers deployed overseas.

During the world war, the French army closely observed the innovative equipment of the American forces. The adoption of folded leather ensured perfect waterproofing in muddy terrain. This development literally transformed the manufacture of footwear for infantrymen.

The high-cut upper provided firm ankle support during long marches. Gaiters often supplemented this basic protection for soldiers. Later, the design evolved towards integrated solutions allowing for faster donning.

American influence and early jumping models

Providing paratroopers with high boots stemmed directly from observations of American units. Thus, the ranger boots of the 1950s embody the first attempts to create a jump boot model. Older, traditional designs were therefore gradually abandoned.

However, the older 1949 models were quickly discarded due to an unsuitable sole. Paratroopers unfortunately suffered several preventable injuries in combat. The general staff then decided to design a completely redesigned army boot .

The 1952 model, a true ancestor of the modern ranger

The direct ancestor of today's versions finally arrived with the famous 1952 model . It combined a classic ankle boot with a stitched leather gaiter and two buckles. This shoe was heavily inspired by the famous American M43 boot.

During this period, the use of full-grain leather helped reduce weight. These first military boots were deployed extensively in Indochina and then Algeria. This marked their first major deployment in actual combat operations.

• Sewn-in leg warmer : integration of a leg warmer into the boot to better support the ankle .
• Barbed buckles : two metal fasteners for quick tightening without using a lace .
• Reinforced leather : use of leather guaranteeing waterproofing and strength in hostile environments.
• Improved sole : new sole designed to adapt to a wide variety of terrains.

These early generations laid the foundation for all future tactical models. The combination of a robust lace and side buckles allowed for very quick donning. It was the ideal solution to meet the specific needs of the French Army 's airborne units.

The era of the BM65, the iconic ranger of the French army

The 1965 model , more commonly known as the marching boot with attached leg guard , became the famous BM65. It embodies the excellence of military footwear , combining exceptional reliability and unparalleled robustness. This icon of French military history remains etched in everyone's memory.

The technical innovations of the 1961 model

From 1956 onwards, the Model 52 underwent several evolutions before giving rise to the Model 1961. Its new leg guard was seamlessly integrated into the shoe, without any visible seams. This one-piece construction reinforced the upper while simplifying lacing, thus foreshadowing the resounding success of the BM65 .

• Waterproof seams : waterproofing is guaranteed thanks to closed stitching, a perfect feature for airborne missions in all weather conditions.
• Adjustable buckles : this device allows for instant tightening after a jump, enabling particularly quick donning.
• Reinforced upper : ankle support is optimized to cope with rocky terrain , thus preserving the French soldier from unnecessary fatigue.
• Streamlined design : superfluous components are removed to achieve increased lightness and considerably simplified maintenance.

General de Gaulle's desire to standardize uniforms led to the adoption of the 1965 model . This strategic decision highlights the excellent quality of this equipment, perfectly suited to all units of the French army .

The BM65: Standardization and Main Characteristics

This innovative version features significantly softer leather and a thick rubber sole . Ingeniously incorporated metal plates effectively protect the foot from impacts. While retaining the two buckles of the 1961 model, it benefits from a Goodyear welt construction, making resoling by a qualified cobbler easier.

• Vibram sole : its grip and durability make it an essential reference in the world of top-of-the-line military footwear .
• Protective collar : this high edge effectively protects the ankle , an essential advantage on rough terrain or during jumps.
• Full-grain leather : of exceptional quality, this material has already amply demonstrated its resistance during previous campaigns.

Thanks to this optimized design, the 1965 model now weighs only two kilograms. This remarkable lightness has radically transformed the mobility of soldiers during long operational marches. This weight reduction has proven crucial for numerous military missions.

Specialized variants depending on the army corps

For the navy, a special version is equipped with a steel toecap designed to protect against shrapnel on board ships. This judicious adaptation demonstrates the remarkable flexibility of the original design. The boot thus adapts to the specific needs of each branch of the French armed forces .

While maintaining a common base, each variant was adapted to the specific terrain. Reconnaissance units were equipped with lightweight military boots for stealthy movement. Conversely, heavy infantry benefited from additional reinforcements to withstand repeated friction.

Technical characteristics and innovations of French rangers

The superior quality of these rangers is based on cutting-edge innovations that significantly transform military equipment. These improvements perfectly meet the essential needs of French soldiers deployed across all types of challenging terrain.

The gaiter and ankle support system

The renowned gaiter buckle system ensures excellent ankle support. This ingenious design offers great stability and freedom of movement without causing excessive fatigue.

• Metal buckles with prongs : a reliable and quick closure in combat, which requires no laces .
• Progressive tightening : precise tension adjustment to adapt the shoe to tactical needs.
• Joint protection : effective internal padding that limits injuries during forced walking .

The French army has continuously worked to optimize its footwear to save time during operations. For example, the BM65 model's perfect waterproofing was specifically designed for parachute jumps. Its adjustable buckles allow for quick tightening in extreme tactical situations.

Reinforced soles and foot protection in combat

The reinforced soles incorporate metal plates that protect against sharp stones. This essential protection significantly reduces the risk of injury and maintains the fighters' mobility.

• Intermediate metal plates : they effectively protect the arch of the foot against sharp debris.
• Vibram outsole : each sole ensures excellent grip, even on the most demanding terrain.
• Optimized thickness : it guarantees effective thermal insulation, whether the floor is hot or cold.

The thick cowhide leather makes these shoes waterproof yet breathable. This ingenious technology prevents moisture buildup and improves comfort during missions in the rain.

Commando lacing and operational ergonomics

The commando-style lacing greatly facilitates the quick donning of these combat boots. Paratroopers adopted this specific method to gain precious seconds in the field .

This quick-donning system perfectly met the operational requirements for immediate deployment after a jump. Regular leather care guarantees exceptional longevity for this legendary piece of equipment, essential to military gear.

FELIN revolution and transition to modern footwear

In the early 2000s, the FELIN system completely revolutionized French military tactical equipment. This new technology required entirely redesigned military footwear , better suited to operational environments. This revolution hastened the discontinuation of the legendary BM65, although its legacy remains to this day.

The different versions of FELIN depending on the theater of operation

This new equipment has given rise to a range of boots specifically designed for each environment. These modern shoes incorporate an innovative anti-slip sole , combining excellent comfort with essential features for the digital world.

• Temperate climate version : this model, made of Gore-Tex lined leather, offers both perfect waterproofing and good breathability.
• Hot zone version : made of nubuck and nylon, it is ideal for demanding missions carried out in Africa.
• Equatorial forest version : equipped with water drainage eyelets, it guarantees ultra-fast drying in humid tropical environments.

A desert version has also been introduced to replace the famous Pataugas, designed to protect soldiers operating in arid environments. All these models feature a robust glued construction and highly practical removable insoles.

Gore-Tex technologies and contemporary materials

These new military boots utilize Gore-Tex technology to effectively wick away perspiration during missions. This significantly reduces the risk of infections and blisters during long operational marches.

The old, rigid leathers have been replaced by much lighter synthetic materials. This innovation reduces the overall weight of the equipment while maintaining high durability. Furthermore, the new cuts are perfectly adapted to the physique of today's fighters.

The gradual replacement since 2007 and the Haix order 2015

Since 2007, older combat boots have been gradually replaced by models that combine optimal safety and lightness. This transition perfectly meets contemporary needs by offering significantly increased mobility to troops.

In 2015, a substantial order of Haix brand models officially confirmed this modernization. The replacement of the classic rangers then became definitive, marking a new era for military soles and footwear , although the historical spirit of the bm65 endures.

Manufacturing, deployments and legacy of the French Rangers

The history of ankle boots illustrates the crucial strategic role of this equipment within the French army . Manufacturers forged their reputation thanks to the exceptional robustness of these military shoes , which became a true symbol of reliability for the French soldier.

The historic manufacturers Marbot and Argueyrolles

Until 2015, Marbot and Argueyrolles were primarily responsible for the design of the rangers. These companies had a perfect grasp of the constraints of operational deployments , constantly adjusting their processes based on feedback from troops in the field .

• Marbot : an iconic manufacturer renowned for the remarkable quality and care taken in the finishing of its military equipment.
• Argueyrolles : major manufacturer capable of supplying the large quantities needed to equip all armed forces.
• Quality standards : demanding specifications and strict controls ensuring full compliance with required standards.

The latest tender selected Argueyrolles and the Spanish company Iturri, both with identical specifications. This opening to competition demonstrates the strategic and realistic adaptation of our land forces.

Since the end of the Argueyrolles contract in 2015, traditional models have become increasingly rare, increasing the value of the pairs still available. Every retired military officer and collector actively seeks out these authentic pieces of historical heritage.

Operational deployments from Algeria to the Sahel

The BM65 model was adopted after the Algerian War due to its exceptional resistance on sandy terrain. It significantly reduced ankle injuries, substantially improving unit mobility. Production of these boots then had to meet a particularly high demand.

Operations in the Sahel now utilize the FELIN model, which offers French soldiers excellent mobility in desert environments. This iconic boot continues to represent the pride of the light infantry during official ceremonies.

Military symbolism and the end of a tradition in 2015

Training schools regularly include a maintenance module dedicated to this essential equipment. These boots symbolize the continuity of the infantry since 1944, creating a link between successive generations facing operations.

Their official retirement in 2015 marked the end of sixty years of tradition, but their historical prestige remains intact. The military surplus market continues to offer these refurbished models to civilian enthusiasts and collectors.